What constitutes the Special Maritime and Territorial Jurisdiction (SMTJ)?

The Special Maritime and Territorial Jurisdiction (SMTJ) is a crucial concept in understanding the reach of U.S. law in specific maritime and territorial contexts. One of the defining aspects of SMTJ is its comprehensive scope, which includes not only the high seas but also U.S. vessels operating in foreign waters, as well as certain areas such as U.S. territories and possessions. This enables U.S. authorities, including the Coast Guard, to maintain jurisdiction and enforce laws in various maritime situations where U.S. interests are affected.

By including U.S. vessels in foreign waters, the SMTJ ensures that the legal protections and responsibilities apply regardless of the vessel's location as long as it is registered under the U.S. flag. This jurisdiction is essential in addressing crimes committed at sea, protecting U.S. interests, and ensuring consistent enforcement of maritime laws. Other important factors such as certain U.S. installations or federal lands—notably those that are outside the mainland—can also fall under this jurisdiction, further emphasizing its broad application in various maritime scenarios.