What do we call the waters that are seaward of the outer limit of any nation’s territorial sea?

The term used to describe the waters that are seaward of the outer limit of any nation's territorial sea is referred to as International Waters. This designation implies that these waters are not under the jurisdiction of any single nation, allowing for freedom of navigation and overflight. International Waters begin where the territorial sea, which extends up to 12 nautical miles from a coastline, ends.

In these waters, no state has sovereignty, which means that vessels from all nations can traverse these areas without interference, respecting applicable international laws, including those established by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). The concept of International Waters is significant for maritime trade, fishing rights, and diplomatic relations between countries, as it allows free passage and conduct of activities, with certain responsibilities to protect the marine environment and prevent unlawful acts like piracy or trafficking.

The other options, such as Exclusive state waters, Foreign Territorial Sea, and Contiguous Zone, pertain to different aspects of maritime law and jurisdiction. Exclusive state waters refers to areas where a state has special rights regarding the exploration and use of marine resources, typically within the limits of the continental shelf. The term Foreign Territorial Sea does not accurately represent the legal status of maritime zones, as it combines conflicting concepts.