What is the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) defined as?

The Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is defined as the area of water extending beyond and adjacent to the territorial sea, typically not exceeding 200 nautical miles from the baseline. This zone grants a coastal state specific rights over the exploration and use of marine resources, including energy production from the water and seabed, as well as fishing rights. Within the EEZ, the coastal state has exclusive rights to exploit and manage the natural resources, but it does not have sovereignty over the water column itself, allowing other states the freedom of navigation, provided their activities are compliant with the international law.

The definition aligns precisely with international law, particularly the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which delineates the rights of nations over maritime zones. Understanding the importance of the EEZ is crucial for maritime law enforcement, resource management, and international relations concerning marine navigation and fishing rights.